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        <DIV id=efpContent><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">白鹿洞位于九江庐山东北玉屏山南，虎溪岩背后。是北宋六大书院之一。据《厦门志》记载：&ldquo;白鹿洞左右多崩崖立石，中有亭树掩映，旧建有大观楼、宛在洞、接因亭。乾隆间又开拓六合洞、朝天洞、御山亭。&rdquo;有六合洞、朝天洞、宛在洞等洞景。原有三宝殿和僧舍，相传为朱熹在庐山白鹿洞书院讲学时，曾来过此地，后人纪念他亦在此起名&ldquo;白鹿洞&rdquo;。宛在洞内有白鹿泥塑一尊，因常有烟雾涌出，缕缕可见，素有&ldquo;白鹿含烟&rdquo;之称，为厦门小八景之一。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">白鹿洞简介</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 10.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　近人盛朗西、书院的创始人可以追溯到唐朝的李渤。个人认为，此李渤即苏轼名篇《石钟山记》中&ldquo;盖笑郦道元之简，而李渤之陋也&rdquo;中的那个。因为两人活动时间类似，活动地点类似，身份类似。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 10.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　南唐升元四年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">940</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），南唐政权在李渤隐居的地方建立学馆，称&ldquo;庐山国学&rdquo;，又称&ldquo;白鹿国学&rdquo;。这是一所与金陵（今南京）国子监相类似的高等学府。北宋初年，江州的乡贤明起等，在白鹿洞办起了书院，&ldquo;白鹿洞书院&rdquo;之名从此始，但不久即废。直到著名理学家朱熹重修书院之后，白鹿洞书院才扬名国内。朱熹不仅重修了白鹿洞书院，而且还建立了严格的书院规章制度。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　《白鹿洞书院教条》不但体现了朱熹以&ldquo;格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国、平天下&rdquo;等一套儒家经典为基础的教育思想，而且成为南宋以后中国封建社会七百年书院办学的样式，也是教育史上最早的教育规章制度之一。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　自朱熹之后，白鹿洞书院&ldquo;一时文风士习之盛济济焉，彬彬焉&rdquo;它与岳麓书院一样，成为宋代传习理学的重要基地。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　白鹿洞后悬崖石壁上有许多摩崖石刻，大都出自名家手书，其中有&ldquo;明天启癸亥（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1623</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）十一月二十日广陵朱一冯以督师剿夷至此&rdquo;和&ldquo;天启癸亥晋阳赵纡督师到此&rdquo;的两行石刻，具有重要的历史资料价值，为史学界所重视。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　元代末年，白鹿洞书院被毁于战火。明代最早的一次维修为正统元年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1436</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），以后还有成化、弘治、嘉靖、万历年间的维修。进入清代，白鹿洞书院仍有多次维修，办学不断。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">19</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪末期，我国的政治、经济发生急剧的变化，出现了教育改革的热潮。光绪二十四年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1898</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）年清帝下令变法，改书院为学堂。白鹿洞书院于光绪二十九年停办，洞田归南康府（今星子）中学堂管理。宣统二年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1910</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），白鹿洞书院改为江西高等林业学堂。国民党时期，蒋介石准备要南昌中正大学接管白鹿洞书院，但未实现。新中国成立后，政府采取一系列措施对白鹿洞书院进行保护和维修。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1959</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年列为江西省文物保护单位；</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1979</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年成立庐山白鹿洞文物管理所；</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1988</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年公布为全国重点文物保护单位和国家二级自然保护区，同年设置作为学术研究机构的白鹿洞书院建置；</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1990</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年成立庐山白鹿洞书院管理委员会。现在，白鹿洞书院已形成集文物管理、教学、学术研究、<a href=http://www.cqe7.com>旅游</a>接待、林园建设五位一体的综合管理体制。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1928</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，胡适来到白鹿洞书院，并对其赞不绝口。胡适盛赞白鹿洞有两个原因，一是&ldquo;白鹿洞书院是最早的书院，是我国书院的&lsquo;四大祀宗&rsquo;之一&rdquo;；二是朱熹亲定的《白鹿洞规》&ldquo;简要明白，遂成为后世七百年的教育宗旨。&rdquo;</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">在他的《庐山游记》中，他有一段著名的论断：&ldquo;庐山有三处史迹代表三大趋势：</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　（一）慧远的东林，代表中国&ldquo;佛教化&rdquo;与佛教&ldquo;中国化&rdquo;的大趋势。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　（二）白鹿洞，代表中国近代七百年的宋学大趋势。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　（三）牯岭，代表西方文化侵入中国的大趋势。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1927</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年大革命失败后，刘少奇同志曾由武汉到达庐山白鹿洞书院，住在御书阁，从事革命活动。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1959</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月刘少奇主席再次来到白鹿洞书院，旧地重游非常高兴，据当时陪同来的原九江专区专员朱冰同志回忆：&ldquo;</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">19</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日上午，我接通知乘车到庐山脚下威家公路边迎候少奇同志。会车后，一同沿公路南行&rdquo;。&ldquo;当时进书院没有公路，要走三、四里路。少奇同志坚持前往，他一下车，就顺手在随从人员手中接过一顶草帽，戴在头上，兴致勃勃地同大家一起走着山村田埂羊肠小道&rdquo;。&ldquo;进院时，大家都已汗流浃背。&rdquo;走到藏书阁前，他若有所思地说：&ldquo;我曾在这里住过，当时上面有不少书哩。&rdquo;因阁楼维修，藏书已转移到星子县文化馆保存，不再保存在御书阁里。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　陈东原等列石鼓、白鹿洞、嵩阳、岳麓、睢阳、茅山为&ldquo;北宋六大书院&rdquo;</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　白鹿洞座落在庐山五老峰南</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">多千米处，山峰至此汇成环状，别具一种格局。靠北的称后屏山，向西的称左翼山，朝南的称卓尔山。山上苍松翠竹，郁郁葱葱。一股清泉从凌云峰来，经左翼山与卓尔山交会处流出，这就是</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">著名的贯逍溪。溪水由西向东，迂回流至白鹿洞前，穿过东面的峡口，注入鄱阳湖中。白鹿洞本无洞，因山石环天然气似洞形，故名之为洞。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　白鹿洞原是唐代洛阳人李渤年青时隐居求学之地。李渤养有一头白鹿自娱，白鹿十分驯服，常随主人外出走访游玩，还能帮主人传递信件和物品，因此以鹿名人，称李渤为白鹿先生；以鹿名地，称此处为白鹿洞。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　唐朝末年，兵荒马乱，各处学校毁坏，到庐山隐居、避难的读书人，常到白鹿洞研讨学问，交流心得。南唐升元年间，在此处&ldquo;建学置田&rdquo;，正式称之为&ldquo;庐山国学&rdquo;，任命国子监九经李善道为白鹿洞洞主，掌管教育和学习。这就是白鹿洞开办学校之始，比濂溪书院约早</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">30</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">余年，成为庐山的第一所学校。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　北宋初年，各地设置书院，庐山国学乃改称为白鹿洞书院，从此规模逐步扩大，逐渐成为全国四大书院之一，与嵩阳书院、岳麓书院、石鼓书院并称。书院殿阁巍峨，亭榭错落，师生云集，俨如学城。今日白鹿洞书院形成了以礼对殿为中心，有明伦堂、文会堂、御书阁、朱子阁、思贤台、状元桥、门楼、牌坊、碑郡等众多殿堂组成的古建筑群，与周围的山川环境融为一体。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">白鹿洞书院</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">书院创始</span></span><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">书院的创始人可以追溯到唐朝的李渤。此李渤即苏轼名篇《石钟山记》中&ldquo;盖笑俪道元之简，而李渤之陋也&rdquo;中的那个。因为两人活动时间类似，活动地点类似，身份类似。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　南唐升元四年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">940</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），南唐政权在李渤隐居的地方建立学馆，称&ldquo;庐山国学&rdquo;，又称&ldquo;白鹿国学&rdquo;。这是一所与金陵（今南京）国子监相类似的高等学府。北宋初年，江州的乡贤明起等，在白鹿洞办起了书院，&ldquo;白鹿洞书院&rdquo;之名从此始，但不久即废。直到著名理学家朱熹重修书院之后，白鹿洞书院才扬名国内。朱熹不仅重修了白鹿洞书院，而且还建立了严格的书院规章制度。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　《白鹿洞书院教条》不但体现了朱熹以&ldquo;格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国、平天下&rdquo;等一套儒家经典为基础的教育思想，而且成为南宋以后中国封建社会七百年书院办学的样式，也是教育史上最早的教育规章制度之一。自朱熹之后，白鹿洞书院&ldquo;一时文风士习之盛济济焉，彬彬焉&rdquo;它与岳麓书院一样，成为宋代传习理学的重要基地。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">历史经历</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　元代末年，白鹿洞书院被毁于战火。明代最早的一次维修为正统元年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1436</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），以后还有成化、弘治、嘉靖、万历年间的维修。进入清代，白鹿洞书院仍有多次维修，办学不断。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">19</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">世纪末期，中国的政治、经济发生急剧的变化，出现了教育改革的热潮。光绪二十四年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1898</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">）年清帝下令变法，改书院为学堂。白鹿洞书院于光绪二十九年停办，洞田归南康府（今星子）中学堂管理。宣统二年（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1910</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">），白鹿洞书院改为江西高等林业学堂。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　国民党时期，蒋介石准备要南昌中正大学接管白鹿洞书院，但未实现。新中国成立后，政府采取一系列措施对白鹿洞书院进行保护和维修。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1959</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年列为江西省文物保护单位；</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1979</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年成立庐山白鹿洞文物管理所；</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1988</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年公布为中国重点文物保护单位和国家二级自然保护区，同年设置作为学术研究机构的白鹿洞书院建置；</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1990</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年成立庐山白鹿洞书院管理委员会。现在，白鹿洞书院已形成集文物管理、教学、学术研究、<a href=http://www.cqe7.com>旅游</a>接待、林园建设五位一体的综合管理体制。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">白鹿洞书院学规</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　白鹿洞书院书院的学规，由著名的理学家朱熹所作，反映出了做人在做学问之前的教育思想，其中很多话很有用如：己所不欲，勿施于人。行有不得，反求诸己。望大家别怕麻烦仔细读完.</span></span><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">父子有亲。君臣有义。夫妇有别。长幼有序。朋友有信。</span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　右五教之目。尧、舜使契为司徒，敬敷五教，即此是也。学者学此而已。而其所以学序，亦有五焉，其别如左：　</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　博学之。审问之。慎思之。明辨之。笃行之。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　右为学之序。学、问、思、辨四者，所以穷理也。若夫笃行之事，则自修身以至处事、接物，亦各有要，其别如左：</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　言忠信。行笃敬。惩忿窒欲。迁善改过。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　右修身之要。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　正其谊不谋其利。明其道不计其功。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　右处事之要。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　己所不欲，勿施于人。行有不得，反求诸己。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　右接物之要。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　熹窃观古昔圣贤所以教人为学之意，莫非使之讲明义理，以修其身，然后推以及人。非徒欲其务记览，为词章，以钓声名，取利禄而已也。今人之为学者，则既反是矣。然圣贤所以教人之法，具存于经。有志之士，固当熟读、深思而问、辨之。苟知其理之当然，而责其身以必然，则夫规矩禁防之具，岂待他人设之，而后有所持循哉？</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　近世于学有规，其待学者为已浅矣。而其为法，又未必古人之意也。故今不复以施于此堂，而特取凡圣贤所以教人为学之大端，条列如右，而揭之楣间。诸君其相与讲明遵守，而责之于身焉。则夫思虑云为之际，其所以戒谨而恐惧者，必有严于彼者矣。其有不然，而或出于此言之所弃，则彼所谓规者，必将取之，固不得而略也。诸君其亦念之哉！</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">内部景观</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　白鹿洞书院现存在建筑群沿贯道溪自西向东串联式而筑，建筑体均坐北朝南，石木或砖木结构，屋顶均为人字形硬山顶，颇具清雅淡泊之气。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　棂星门西北隅，不仅有曲径通幽、山石林泉之美，而且还有&ldquo;钓矶石&rdquo;、&ldquo;漱石&rdquo;、&ldquo;鹿眠场&rdquo;、&ldquo;流杯池&rdquo;诸胜迹。在漱石和流杯池上，均因有朱熹手书&ldquo;漱石&rdquo;、&ldquo;流杯池&rdquo;石刻而得名。&ldquo;鹿眠场&rdquo;，相传唐代李渤饲养的白鹿就睡在这里。而钓矶石上，也刻有朱熹的手书&ldquo;钓台&rdquo;二字。据说当年朱熹常在此垂钓，实际上这里水浅泉碧流急，很少有鱼，故明代刘世扬又在石上加刻&ldquo;意不在鱼&rdquo;四字，可谓中的之妙语。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　在礼圣殿的石墙上，嵌有石碑和孔子画像石刻。礼圣殿东侧的朱子祠是为纪念朱熹而建。朱子祠后有一石洞，内有一头石雕的白鹿。据《白鹿洞志》记载：&ldquo;初，鹿洞有名无洞。嘉靖甲午</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">即嘉靖十三年、公元</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1534</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，知府王溱乃辟讲修堂后山，为之筑台于上。知府何岩凿石鹿于洞中。&rdquo;白鹿洞原是以山峰环合似洞而得名；现有的石洞和石鹿，则是明代嘉靖年间修凿的。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　在朱子祠之东厢，设有碑廊，内嵌宋至明清古碑一百二十余块。在这些古代碑刻中，有朱烹的手书真迹，也有署为紫霞真人的明代状元罗洪先的《游白鹿洞歌》。这些名迹，笔锋庄重遒劲，运笔娇若游龙；它既是弥足珍贵的书法艺术品，又是具有研究价值的重要历史资料。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　在朱子祠前，与礼圣殿并列的是一座两层楼阁，即&ldquo;御书阁&rdquo;。它是清代康熙皇帝赐给书院匾额及古书后，</span><font face="Times New Roman"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">由南康知府周灿请建的。阁前有桂树两株，相传是朱熹手植；但也有人说是清代建造&ldquo;御书阁&rdquo;时种植的。这里古树浓荫，阳光穿过树隙在地面上洒下斑驳的小光圈，风吹树动，光影摇晃，有如微波荡漾的湖水，显得环境清幽，风景宜人。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　在棂星门西北隅，不仅有曲径通幽、山石林泉之美，而且还有&ldquo;钓矶石&rdquo;、&ldquo;漱石&rdquo;、&ldquo;鹿眠场&rdquo;、&ldquo;流杯池&rdquo;诸胜迹。在漱石和流杯池上，均因有朱熹手书&ldquo;漱石&rdquo;、&ldquo;流杯池&rdquo;石刻而得名。&ldquo;鹿眠场&rdquo;，相传唐代李渤饲养的白鹿就睡在这里。而钓矶石上，也刻有朱熹的手书&ldquo;钓台&rdquo;二字。据说当年朱熹常在此垂钓，实际上这里水浅泉碧流急，很少有鱼，故明代刘世扬又在石上加刻&ldquo;意不在鱼&rdquo;四字，可谓中的之妙语。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　白鹿洞书院现存在建筑群沿贯道溪自西向东串联式而筑，建筑体均坐北朝南，石木或砖木结构，屋顶均为人字形硬山顶，颇具清雅淡泊之气。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #ff0000"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">名人评价</span></span></strong></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">胡适</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1928</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年，胡适来到白鹿洞书院，并对其赞不绝口。胡适盛赞白鹿洞有两个原因，一是&ldquo;白鹿洞书院是最早的书院，是中国书院的&lsquo;四大祀宗&rsquo;之一&rdquo;；二是朱熹亲定的《白鹿洞规》&ldquo;简要明白，遂成为后世七百年的教育宗旨。&rdquo;在他的《庐山游记》中，他有一段著名的论断：&ldquo;庐山有三处史迹代表三大趋势：（一）慧远的东林，代表中国&ldquo;佛教化&rdquo;与佛教&ldquo;中国化&rdquo;的大趋势。（二）白鹿洞，代表中国近代七百年的宋学大趋势。（三）牯岭，代表西方文化侵入中国的大趋势。</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="color: #0000ff"><strong><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">刘少奇</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="font-size: larger"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">　　</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1927</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年大革命失败后，刘少奇同志曾由武汉到达庐山白鹿洞书院，住在御书阁，从事革命活动。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1959</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月刘少奇主席再次来到白鹿洞书院，旧地重游非常高兴，据当时陪同来的原九江专区专员朱冰同志回忆：&ldquo;</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">19</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">日上午，我接通知乘车到庐山脚下威家公路边迎候少奇同志。会车后，一同沿公路南行&rdquo;。&ldquo;当时进书院没有公路，要走三、四里路。少奇同志坚持前往，他一下车，就顺手在随从人员手中接过一顶草帽，戴在头上，兴致勃勃地同大家一起走着山村田埂羊肠小道&rdquo;。&ldquo;进院时，大家都已汗流浃背。&rdquo;走到藏书阁前，他若有所思地说：&ldquo;我曾在这里住过，当时上面有不少书哩。&rdquo;因阁楼维修，藏书已转移到星子县文化馆保存，不再保存在御书阁里。</span></span></p>
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